Syphilis Rates Are on the Rise: What You Can Do to Stay Healthy

Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI), is experiencing a troubling resurgence, reaching its highest levels in decades. Once thought to be largely under control, syphilis cases are now on the rise, affecting individuals across the U.S. and globally. This increase is alarming, particularly as congenital syphilis, passed from mother to child, is also seeing a dangerous uptick. In this article, we explore the reasons behind the spike in syphilis cases and provide practical advice on how to stay healthy and prevent the spread of this infection.

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The Surge in Syphilis Cases: A Growing Concern

Syphilis rates have surged dramatically over the past few years, with the U.S. experiencing its highest levels of reported cases since the 1950s. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), syphilis cases increased by more than 26% in 2023 alone. “This resurgence is a significant public health concern,” says Dr. Raul Romaguera, Acting Director of the CDC’s Division of STD Prevention. “If we don’t reverse the trend, we will see more devastating effects on public health, particularly for vulnerable populations like newborns.”

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Congenital syphilis, which occurs when an infected mother passes the disease to her baby, has become a particularly pressing issue. The CDC’s latest Vital Signs report highlights a sharp increase in newborn syphilis cases, rising by more than 200% over the last decade. These cases often result in severe health complications, including stillbirths and neurological damage. The rise in congenital syphilis cases has prompted the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to take action, with initiatives aimed at increasing testing and prenatal care for at-risk mothers.

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Globally, the numbers are just as concerning. In the Americas, the Pan American Health Organization reported a 60% rise in syphilis cases over the past five years, with many countries struggling to control the spread. The World Health Organization notes that this resurgence is being fueled by several factors, including lack of access to healthcare, inconsistent use of protection, and gaps in public health education about STIs.

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Why Syphilis Rates Are Spiking

There are several reasons contributing to the sharp increase in syphilis cases. Public health experts cite declining rates of STI testing during the COVID-19 pandemic as one significant factor. With healthcare resources diverted to manage the pandemic, routine screenings for infections like syphilis decreased, allowing the disease to spread more easily. “The pandemic disrupted access to STI services, which meant fewer people were being tested and treated in a timely manner,” says Dr. Chris Beyrer, a professor of public health at Johns Hopkins University.

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Another key factor is the ongoing stigma surrounding STIs. Many people avoid seeking testing or treatment due to fear of judgment, leading to undiagnosed and untreated cases that continue to spread. Additionally, inconsistent use of condoms and other forms of protection, particularly among high-risk populations, has contributed to the rise in syphilis cases. The lack of comprehensive sexual health education in some areas has only exacerbated this issue, leaving many unaware of the risks and symptoms associated with syphilis.

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The rise of dating apps has also played a role in this increase. With more opportunities for casual sexual encounters, there is a greater likelihood of exposure to STIs. While dating apps themselves are not to blame, they have made it easier for individuals to engage in multiple sexual relationships, increasing the spread of infections like syphilis.

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How to Protect Yourself: Actionable Steps to Stay Healthy

Despite the rise in syphilis cases, there are clear steps you can take to protect yourself and others from contracting or spreading the infection:

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1. Get Tested Regularly: Regular testing is one of the most effective ways to stay healthy and prevent the spread of syphilis. If you are sexually active, especially if you have multiple partners, consider getting tested for syphilis and other STIs at least once a year. The CDC recommends more frequent testing for those in high-risk groups, such as men who have sex with men or individuals with HIV.
2. Practice Safe Sex: Consistent use of condoms significantly reduces the risk of contracting syphilis and other STIs. While condoms are not 100% effective, they are one of the best methods of protection. It’s also important to engage in open conversations with your sexual partners about STI testing and protection methods.
3. Seek Treatment Early: Syphilis is highly treatable in its early stages with antibiotics, typically penicillin. If you notice symptoms such as sores, rashes, or flu-like symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Early treatment can prevent the infection from progressing and causing long-term health issues.
4. Prenatal Testing for Pregnant Women: Pregnant women should be tested for syphilis as part of routine prenatal care. Early detection and treatment can prevent congenital syphilis and protect the health of both mother and baby. The HHS is working to expand testing and education efforts to ensure that expectant mothers receive the care they need.
5. Stay Informed: Understanding the risks and symptoms of syphilis is key to protecting yourself and others. Public health resources from the CDC, WHO, and other organizations provide valuable information about STIs, prevention methods, and treatment options.

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Conclusion

The rising rates of syphilis in the U.S. and around the world are a concerning trend, particularly with the increase in congenital syphilis cases. However, through regular testing, practicing safe sex, and seeking early treatment, individuals can protect their health and help curb the spread of this infection. As public health organizations work to address this growing issue, staying informed and proactive is essential. By taking these steps, you can help ensure that syphilis remains a preventable and treatable infection.

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Sources

NBC News

Pan American Health Organization

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Axios

World Health Organization

Johns Hopkins Public Health

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